NFKB1 and colitis: Chlorogenic acid can downregulate MPO expression levels by inhibiting TLR4-mediated PI3K/Akt and NF-κB pathways, reducing NEUT infiltration and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in DSS-induced colitis as well as LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells (Zhang P. et al., 2019; Chen L. et al., 2022).