To assess the activation of CD8+ T-cells after anti-PD-L1-based immunotherapy, we analyzed the CTLs in tumor tissue and checked intracellular expression of Ki-67, which is a cell proliferation marker expressed by recently divided cells for cell proliferation, and GrB, which is released by activated CTLs and NK cells to kill target-cells. The gene discussed is GZMB; the disease is neoplasm.