Many studies have focused on tumor intrinsic factors, including PD-L1 expression, tumor mutational burden, and lack of antigen presentation, but the complexity of CRC makes it difficult to cure patients because tumors exist in a dynamic microenvironment, consisting of tumor cells, immune cells, stroma, and extracellular matrix (Murciano-Goroff et al., 2020). Here, CD274 is linked to neoplasm.