Obviously, 4-PBA cotreatment indeed inhibited the activation of ER stress (Figure 4A) and also prevented BV-induced E- to N-cadherin switch and the proteins involved in pro-EMT or renal fibrosis, while restoring the expressions of AQP1, ATP1A1, and SLC22A6 in human renal tubule epithelia (Figure 4B). The gene discussed is ATP1A1; the disease is renal fibrosis.