IGF1R and hepatocellular carcinoma: EGCG also inhibited the growth of the human hepatoma cell line HepG2 by inhibiting the phosphorylation of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and reducing the activation of its signaling molecules, such as ERK, STAT-3, Akt and GSK-3β (Shimizu et al., 2008).