A persistently low CD4/CD8 ratio was correlated with the risk of AIDS or non-AIDS defining cancer in PLWH efficiently treated by cART, such as Kaposi sarcoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, and lung cancer (Clifford et al., 2009; Sigel et al., 2017; Caby et al., 2021). Here, CD4 is linked to non-Hodgkin lymphoma.