The prothrombin time [13.2 (12.4, 19.1) vs. 11.9 (11.4, 12.7) s, P = 0.000] and activated partial prothrombin time [28.4 (26.4, 34.0) vs. 25.7 (22.8, 28.6) s, P = 0.003] were longer in the malignant TEF group than in the malignant CAO group. Here, F2 is linked to esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula.