HMOX1 and alkaline phosphatase measurement: In AP, Nrf2 dysfunction and function abnormalities of key enzymes in the Nrf2/ARE pathway, such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) occur, resulting in loss of antioxidant function and consequent lung tissue damage (75).