In advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the combination of anti-programmed death 1 (PD-1) plus chemotherapy or the combination of anti-PD-1 and anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) plus chemotherapy offers the opportunity to deliver fast-acting cytotoxic agents along with slower but potentially more durably acting ICI. The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.