For comparison 1, one four-arm trial compared the effect of emollient application, synbiotics and both against control (no emollient or synbiotics) and reported food allergy (diagnosed based on questionnaires at 1 year), allergic sensitization to food allergens (based on allergen-specific IgE levels to egg white, ovomucoid, milk) and allergic sensitization to inhalational allergens (based on allergen-specific IgE levels to house dust mite, cat dander) at 9 months of age [12]. The gene discussed is IGHE; the disease is food allergy.