TNF and pancreatic neoplasm: Besides, inflammatory cytokines, including circulating interleukin (IL)‐2R, IL‐6, IL‐8, and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), are significantly increased in many malignancies, such as pancreatic cancer, and are associated with poor prognosis, which might partly reveal the tumor proinflammatory microenvironment and the malignant transformation process.18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23