Whereas the outdated guideline recommended HBV surveillance for at least 3 years, which could be ceased if no sign of hepatitis (ALT elevation) or HBeAg levels were negative, the updated guideline recommends lifelong surveillance (including ALT measurement every 6 months and hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg] measurement every 3 years) and referral of patients with an active viral hepatitis B or C to an hepatitis treatment center (21). Here, GPT is linked to hepatitis B virus infection.