Within this, for genes where we infer the causal direction of association through mediation analysis, ATP5E (a component of the electron transport chain) has been linked to mitochondrial ATP synthase deficiency [51], ELOVL7 (a fatty acid elongase) has recently been associated with Parkinson’s disease [52] and other brain-related traits [53], and ITGB5 (an integrin subunit) has been associated with blood pressure [54], a clinically relevant trait that we have previously found to be linked to mitochondrial processes [25, 26]. Here, ATP5F1E is linked to Parkinson disease.