Our previous studies demonstrated that SUMOylated ANXA1 promoted microglial polarization towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype by suppressing NF-κB pathway activation after ischaemic stroke, and moreover, in a recent study, we provided experimental evidence that SENP6 could mediate ANXA1 de-SUMOylation [18, 19]. Here, ANXA1 is linked to ischemic stroke.