Importantly, NUPR1 received significant attention due to its role in development and progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC)25,26 as well as in hepatocellularcarcinoma (HCC)27, non-small cell lung cancer28, cholangiocarcinoma29, glioblastoma30, multiple myeloma31, osteosarcoma32, and more recently in ovarian cancer32. Here, NUPR1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.