CX3CL1 and infection: Infection with P. uenonis significantly (p < 0.05) downregulated the expression of four chemokines: interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10), macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β), fractalkine, regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (Fig. 2 and Supplementary Fig. 2).