Although the numbers are small, numerically more children were adjudicated to have TB-IRIS in the dolutegravir group (11 [2·8%] of 392) than in the standard-of-care group (two [0·5%] of 400) during the ODYSSEY randomised phase.11, 12 This difference could be related to faster virological suppression on dolutegravir and modestly higher gains in CD4 cell counts observed in ODYSSEY.11, 12 Of 11 children with TB-IRIS in this study, eight (72%) developed an unmasking form of TB-IRIS (ie, developed a newly diagnosed TB after ART initiation). This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and tuberculosis.