Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D (HNRNPD), epsin 2 (EPN2), and tripeptidyl peptidase 1 (TPP1), among others, showed reduced protein levels when cotransfected with CTSW compared to their levels in the green fluorescent protein (GFP) control, regardless of infection (Fig. 2E and Fig. S1). Here, CTSW is linked to infection.