In keeping with a role for regulators of apoptosis in the pathogenesis of sepsis, members of the IAP family, including NAIP/BIRC1 and BIRC3, are downregulated in immune cells in patients with sepsis, as is the BIRC6 ubiquitination target SMAC (Hoogerwerf et al., 2010). The gene discussed is NAIP; the disease is Sepsis.