BDNF and Alzheimer disease: Although some insights into the therapeutic mechanisms of Fingolimod actions in the brain have been identified, such as an increase in level of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in PD animal models or activation of the Caspase‐3 pathway and reduction of Aβ concentration through inhibiting beta‐secretase (BACE) and ceramide in AD animal models [13, 15], the complete mechanism of action of the drug remains to be determined.