When a CCR5 antagonist called D-Ala1-peptide T-amide (DAPTA) was administered to HIV-1 seropositive participants with cognitive impairment, subgroups with greater cognitive impairment at baseline showed significant improvement, although no cognitive effect was observed in the overall cohort (Goodkin et al., 2006) (Table 2). The gene discussed is CCR5; the disease is Cognitive impairment.