REL and neoplasm: Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) is a ubiquitous transcription factor of the NF-κB/Rel protein family with the ability to mediate immune stress and inflammatory response, etc. Recent research demonstrated that NF-κB is expressed highly in different tumor types, and its expression has a role in apoptosis inhibition, cell proliferation, invasive behavior, and angiogenesis (Sack, 2002; Ashrafizadeh et al., 2021; Huang et al., 2022).