A case-control study involving 70 patients and 50 controls reported that there were no differences in the expression level of IL-18 in patients with AML compared to healthy controls (P=0.100) (32), while another study of 47 patients with AML found that IL-18 was associated with unfavorable prognostic factors of AML (33). The gene discussed is IL18; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.