CCL2 and congenital rubella syndrome: CRS is characterized by a dramatic rise in the serum levels of inflammatory mediators such as C-reactive protein (CRP), cytokines (IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-15, GM-CSF), chemokines (IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP) 1α and 1β, CXC chemokine ligand 9 (CXCL9), CXCL10), and soluble cytokine receptors (sIL-2RA, sIL-6R, sgp130) (200–202).