CSF2 and acute lymphoblastic leukemia: The therapeutic function of GM-CSF in cancer is best exemplified in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), Hodgkin- and non-Hodgkin- lymphomas (HL/NHL), where recombinant human GM-CSF (Sargramostim or Leukine®) is used to stimulate early stem cells in donors prior to their harvesting for peripheral stem cell transplant and to stimulate recovery of HPCs after bone marrow transplantation (93).