RB1 and breast cancer: Interestingly, SMAD2 is one of the genes that in other cancers, such as prostate cancer (133) and breast cancer (134) are among the genes that appear to play a role in suppressing tumors, and silencing this gene works to promote malignancy (134), it interacts with and promotes RB progression via a ceRNA axis, circ_0000527/miR-1236-3p/SMAD2 (37).