CSF2 and neoplasm: mROS also can increase the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), the levels of transcription factor (TF) STAT-1 and T-bet, as well as the secretion of IL-2, IL-4, TNF-α and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), all of which promote CD8+ T cells to synthesize and secret more INF-γ against tumor cells [34].