Most recently, the positive HIMALAYA trial has established the combination of durvalumab and tremelimumab as an additional ICI-based regimen for first-line treatment of advanced HCC (Abou-Alfa et al. 2022), and other PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-based combinations are being investigated (Llovet et al. 2019; Mueller et al. 2020). This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.