Thus, TGF-β1 is a key player in the propagation of pulmonary fibrosis and inhibition of TGF-β1 signaling in pulmonary fibroblasts is a promising therapeutic strategy (Fernandez and Eickelberg 2012; Gu et al. 2007; Phan et al. 2005; Saito et al. 2018a, b; Song et al. 1998; Walker et al. 2019). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is pulmonary fibrosis.