CYP19A1 and osteoporosis: Among the studied populations, osteoporosis risk factors were highly prevalent: chronic steroid use, low oestrogen, low vitamin D, and immobilization [38], and many of these factors may contribute as confounding, such as renal osteodystrophy, post-transplant hyperparathyroidism, and increased bone resorption associated with aromatase inhibitor therapy and bone metastases [39, 40].