NPPB and nutritional deficiency disease: We found that, prior to CIO, critical patients also suffered from severe coagulopathy (elevated D-dimer and declined PLT), inflammatory activation (elevated NEUs), lymphocyte exhaustion, myocardial damage (ascendant LDH and BNP), impaired liver function (elevated TBIL, AST, GGT, and ALT), kidney injury (ascendant BUN and Cys-C), malnutrition (reduced TP, albumin, and hemoglobin), and metabolic disorders (elevated glucose).