For example, in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mouse PD models, M. charantia polysaccharides inhibited oxidative stress products in the brain, thereby increased DA levels, alleviated the impairment of coordination and motor ability by regulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway (Guo et al., 2021). Here, NFKB1 is linked to Parkinson disease.