To further reveal the association of PDIA2 over-expression with cancer development stages, cancer tissues were grouped as early stage (T1, T2, and N0) and late stage (T3 and T4, N1 and N2) based on tumor TNM (T: primary tumor; N: regional lymph nodes; M: distant metastasis) classification standard (28). The gene discussed is PDIA2; the disease is cancer.