Inactivation of Hippo signaling due to mutations of its upstream inhibitors such as FATs, AJUBA and Dachsous cadherin-related 1 (DCHS1) or its core components such as MST2 and LATS1 (19), and increased expression of its downstream effector YAP has been reported in ESCC (7, 20). This evidence concerns the gene DCHS1 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.