While influenza infection has been shown to promote alveolar macrophages to M1/M2b phenotype (Zhao et al., 2014), M2 macrophages have been shown to play diverse roles during superinfection: STAT2 deficiency increased M1, M2, and M1/M2 macrophages which promoted bacterial clearance (Gopal et al., 2018); SHP2 deficiency increased M2 macrophages and hindered antibacterial activities (Ouyang et al., 2020). Here, PTPN11 is linked to influenza.