Overloaded Fe2+ will then induce direct damage to proximal tubular lipid peroxidation through the Fenton reaction, leading to acute tubular necrosis or renal failure (Bosch et al., 2009; Zeng and Tomlinson, 2021), where ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) is of importance (Xie et al., 2016a). Here, FTH1 is linked to acute kidney injury.