NPPB and hydrops fetalis: The first study of the prognostic performance of copeptin in HF was performed in 2006 by Stoiser et al., who investigated the ability of copeptin and BNP to predict death and re-hospitalization and found that copeptin served as an independent predictor that was superior to BNP in patients with advanced HF (multivariate analysis of combined endpoint: copeptin [chi(2) = 20] vs. BNP [chi(2) = 4.9)] (117).