Furthermore, in a prospective cohort study (143), individuals in the top quartile of copeptin had a significantly increased risk of developing HF (HR = 1.63, 95% CI 1.20–2.21) compared to the reference first quartile after multivariate adjustment for conventional risk factors, indicating that elevated copeptin was a predictor of HF development in older adults. This evidence concerns the gene AVP and hydrops fetalis.