Furthermore, the activation of the PPAR-γ/PGC1-α pathway through the induction of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) may also impinge on mitochondrial decoupling, reducing Ψm and ROS production and ultimately limiting oxidative damage and propensity to undergo apoptosis of LHON cells (Andrews et al., 2005). The gene discussed is PPARGC1A; the disease is Leber hereditary optic neuropathy.