OXT and Anxiety: In subsequent studies, it emerged that oxytocin had opposite effects on the amygdala in men and women, and different effects on different subregions of the amygdala; a review [62, p. 332] noted: ‘despite the initial evidence and hope that oxytocin might reliably decrease anxiety by reducing amygdala activity, subsequent studies have revealed a more complex picture of the modulatory effects of oxytocin on this region’.