MAPK8 and infection: Studies of mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPMs) verified that the wild-type L. monocytogenes EGD infection caused pronounced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and NF-κB pathways (Fig. 3A to D), with a significant increase in the phosphorylation levels of p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK), p65, and IκB kinase (IKK), while 32 μg/mL kaempferol treatment significantly hindered the activation of these signaling.