Vogel et al. (2018) identified 26 genes coding for defensin AMPs in BSFL, Jacobs et al. (2017) and Dubuffet et al. (2015) each identified one gene in adult T. molitor and the eggs, and Vilcinskas et al. (2013) identified 19 genes in adult H. axyridis. Additionally, Dubuffet et al. (2015) demonstrated that the defensin identified in T. molitor eggs was inherited from the maternal T. molitor as an evolved mechanism to protect offspring from infection. This evidence concerns the gene ADSL and infection.