Of the remaining 41 genes, three (PIGC, PKM and PPIB) were commonly upregulated with oncogenic potential (Fig. 4B) and 31 were commonly downregulated among CP and PDAC-CP (Fig. 4C), of which, 3 (AZGP1, EGLN1 and GNMT) were tumour suppressors (Fig. 3A). The gene discussed is CP; the disease is neoplasm.