TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: For example, (1) Amyloid β formation in cerebral small vascular disease; (2) Endothelial apoptosis and inflammation (TNF) in atherosclerosis; (3) Serotonin in platelet aggregation and vascular remodeling; (4) Obesity paradox in post-IS mortality, which was also observed in nonMyCode patients26; (5) Coagulation and fibrinolysis in stroke and recurrence.