,18 TGFβ inhibits proliferation of several cell types, including epithelial and endothelial cells, keratinocytes, and leukocytes, by downregulating expression of MYC and upregulating the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, including p15INK4B and p21.19, 20, 21 However, in advanced cancers TGFβ promotes tumorigenesis by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition, facilitating tumor invasion and metastasis, and by suppression of the immune system.21, 22, 23. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and neoplasm.