Type-1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic condition in which pancreatic \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$\upbeta$$\end{document}β-cell destruction typically culminates in absolute insulin deficiency (pancreas releases little or no amount of insulin)6. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus.