NFASC and Parkinson disease: The viral vectors used in these studies are concerned as they may cause immunotoxicity, phenotoxicity, insertional mutagenesis, and transmission of the donated DNA.[41] Alternatively, numerous researches are developing non‐viral nanomedicines to deliver NF genes, such as liposomes,[137, 138] plasmid DNA NPs,[139] and chitosan NPs,[122] which demonstrated neuroprotection effects, showing reduced dopaminergic neuron loss and the improved behavioral metrics in PD animal models.