COL4A1 and neoplasm: Strikingly, DEPs in ECM (such as COL4A1, FN1, and PKM) and glucose metabolism (such as SDHA, LDHA, and ENO1) of AC-enriched pathways showed consistently poor prognostic values in both ACs and SCCs, indicating the tumor metabolic status and microenvironment may promote tumorigenesis and progression regardless of tumor histological types (Fig. 2e).