Consistent with an important role of IL10 in skewing antibodies to IgG3, there is an age-associated switch from IgG1 to IgG3 dominance for MSP2 antibodies seen here and in other studies38,39,41, that coincides with the development of IL10/IFNγ co-producing malaria-specific T cells within these same Ugandan children31. This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and malaria.