Third, it has been confirmed that induced exhaustion of macrophages or genetic deletion of MIF delayed cyst growth and improved renal function (Swenson-Fields et al., 2013; Chen et al., 2015), supporting the hypothesis that targeting macrophages and factors associated with macrophage recruitment and function is a potential strategy for the treatment of ADPKD. This evidence concerns the gene MIF and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.