COL11A1 and central nervous system cancer: In contrast, COL11A1 has been found to be upregulated in a variety of cancers including breast, colorectal, esophagus, glioma, gastric, head and neck, lung, ovarian, pancreatic, salivary gland, and renal cancers, and it can be used as a tumor marker to predict the prognosis of cancer (Table 1) (14–46).