However, IR could also increase the expression of PD-L1 on the surface of tumor cells (Deng et al., 2014; Sheng et al., 2020), which could inhibit T cell activity and engender immune escape of tumor cells (Jiang et al., 2019; Peng et al., 2019), consequently may impair IR-induced ATAE. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and neoplasm.