The results showed that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 4 (NOX4) was a putative target regulated by jaranol, while NOX4 played a critical role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure and ischemia-reperfusion injury, by promoting ROS generation (Cave et al., 2006). Here, NOX4 is linked to cardiac hypertrophy.